Pleomorphic adenoma is a common benign salivary gland neoplasm characterised by neoplastic proliferation of parenchymatous glandular cells along with myoepithelial components, having a malignant potentiality. It is the most common type of salivary gland tumor and the most common tumor of the parotid gland. It derives its name from the architectural Pleomorphism (variable appearance) seen by light microscopy. It is also known as "Mixed tumor, salivary gland type", which refers to its dual origin from epithelial and myoepithelial elements as opposed to its pleomorphic appearance.
Amaurosis fugax is a painless temporary loss of vision in one or both eyes.
In 1990, the causes of amaurosis fugax were better refined by the Amaurosis Fugax Study Group, which has defined five distinct classes of transient monocular blindness based on their supposed cause: embolic, hemodynamic, ocular, neurologic (includes compressive optic neuropathies), and idiopathic.
Artrocentese (que, na verdade, se deveria denominar de Artroclise, por ser mais uma lavagem) — A artrocentese da articulação temporomandibular é uma técnica minimamente invasiva, realizada na maioria das vezes sob anestesia local. Tem como principal objetivo eliminar os mediadores inflamatórios responsáveis pela dor, diminuir a pressão intra-articular, libertar adesões fibrosas intra-articulares e hidratar/lubrificar a ATM. Pode-se usar o Lactato de Ringer na lavagem (Ringer's lactate solution, also known as sodium lactate solution and Hartmann's solution, is a mixture of sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride in water). Após a lavagem, pode-se proceder à injeção de ácido hialurónico, plasma rico em plaquetas ou corticosteroides (e.g. dexametasona).
Artroscopia — An arthroscopy (keyhole surgery) allows your surgeon to see inside your temporomandibular joint (TMJ) using a camera inserted through a small cut on your skin. Your surgeon can diagnose problems such as a torn cartilage and damage to the surface of the joint. They may be able to treat some problems using surgical instruments or by washing out the joint (arthrocentesis), without making a larger cut. The operation is performed under a general anaesthetic and usually takes about 20 minutes for each joint. The operation can take up to 2 hours if your surgeon needs to perform any surgery within a joint. They will insert a camera through a small cut in front of your ear to examine the inside of the joint for damage to cartilage, joint surfaces and ligaments. Your surgeon may insert one or two needles through the cut and use them to wash out any loose material caused by wear of the joint surfaces. Or, your surgeon may make another cut to insert surgical instruments to treat scarring, improve the joint surfaces or to use a stitch to change the position of the cartilage disc.
