Endarterectomia Carótida

During a carotid endarterectomy, your healthcare provider will surgically remove plaque that builds up inside the carotid artery. He or she will make a cut (incision) on the side of the neck over the affected carotid artery. The artery is opened and the plaque removed. Your healthcare provider will stitch the artery back together. This restores normal blood flow to the brain. You may have this procedure while you are awake under local anesthesia or while you are asleep under general anesthesia.

Tratamento cirúrgico de varizes

1. Cirurgia clássica – com laqueação e excisão (stripping) das veias safenas;
2. Tratamento minimamente invasivo – por ablação endovenosa, utilizando energia de radiofrequência ou de laser.

Carotid body vs. Carotid sinus

• Carotid body — The carotid body is a chemoreceptor located in the adventitia of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. The carotid body detects changes in the composition of arterial blood flowing through it, mainly the partial pressure of arterial oxygen, but also of carbon dioxide. It is also sensitive to changes in blood pH, and temperature.
• Carotid sinus — The carotid sinus is a thin-walled dilatation located at the proximal end of the internal carotid artery just above the bifurcation of the common carotid artery into the internal and external carotid artery. Carotid sinus hypersensitivity is an exaggerated response to pressure applied to the carotid sinus located in the carotid bifurcation, resulting in bradycardia, vasodilation, and hypotension. This response is manifested clinically as syncope or presyncope and can cause fatal consequences.

Bainbridge reflex

The Bainbridge reflex, also called the atrial reflex, is an increase in heart rate due to an increase in central venous pressure (blood pressure in the venae cavae, near the right atrium of the heart). Increased blood volume is detected by stretch receptors (Cardiac Receptors) located in both sides of atria at the venoatrial junctions.

Giacomini vein

(prolongamento cranial da veia safena parva / pequena safena)